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Resolution is really what we want to talk about here. Resolution is the
number of pixels in an image in a linear inch. We say linear because
the measurement is a straight line. If I say an image is 72 pixels per
inch (ppi), then you know that if you measure one inch of the image,
you will find 72 pixels in a row. That means that one square inch would
have 5,184 pixels (72 pixels x 72 pixels).
Because the number of pixels in an image is fixed, when resolution decreases, the image size increases. Conversely, if we increase the resolution of an image, the image size (dimension) will decrease. To many this is known as an inverse relationship. Take a look at the examples below where the image size of the small gold ball on the left has been increased dramatically to become the image on the right. In general, this shows you how resolution decreases as the image size increases.
 
Higher resolutions are beneficial for showing more detail and subtle color variations within an image.
     
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