Go to OSU College of Forestry LWGate Home Page.From: "Veronica Angyalossy Alfonso" <valfonso@ib.usp.br>
Subject: En: [IAWA Forum] Re: Radial water transport
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 16:52:10 -0300
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Hi forum members!
Adding some coments to lignified X non lignified parenchyma cells.
We=B4ve been working on non lignified parenchyma on Cactaceae, and we =
observed the same situation described by Dr. Guillermo: zones of non =
lignified parenchyma cells within lignified axial elements. They can be =
distributed in two ways: scanty and in bands.Probably these bands can =
show some seasonality. Also, cacti species have very wide rays. The =
strategy here is the vessels running adjacent to the rays, instead of =
being horizontally orientated. This vessels have very wide simple to =
half bordered and bordered pits. All this structure and arrangement of =
cells might represent a very efficient storing and conductive system. =
Unfortunately we don=B4t work on the physiology of that. The presence of =
non lignified parenchyma cells has been already mentioned by Metcalfe & =
Chalk (1950), for Crassulaceae species, suculents.=20
Patricia (soffiatt@usp.br) & Veronica=20
I would like to add that in some Legume lianas from the Amazon =
(Machaerium spp, Dioclea spp, Clitoria spp ), in one Sapindaceae species =
( Serjania caracasana) from the Atlantic Forest amd other lianas groups =
that I=B4ve been studying with other students, the unlignified axial and =
radial parenchyma is also very common, within lignified cells. This =
indicates probably a structural convegence between very distinct groups =
(Cactaceae, Leguminosae liana, Crassulaceae, etc).
Veronica
Dr. Veronica Angyalossy Alfonso
Departamento de Botanica
Instituto de Biociencias
Universidade de Sao Paulo - SP
Brazil
email: valfonso@ib.usp.br
----- Original Messae -----=20
From: Guillermo Angeles Alvarez=20
To: MelTyree@aol.com=20
Cc: iawa@COF.ORST.EDU=20
Sent: Monday, October 07, 2002 1:06 PM
Subject: Re: [IAWA Forum] Re: Radial water transport
Hi,=20
Answering Dr. Tyree regarding unlignified rayparenchyma:=20
I am currently working with Urera caracasana(a tree) and U. eggersii =
(a liana). Both of them present zones of lignified and unlignified =
parenchyma. The liana has very wide rays, with alternating zones of =
lignified and unlignified parenchyma. This species has a way to secure =
tangential water movement across these wide rays, producing vessels =
which run almost horizontally, comunicating areas of vessels to both =
sides of the rays. However, we do not have evidence of how this liana =
copes with radial water transport through thes exceptionally wide rays. =
I made resin-casrtings of Urera stems, but unfortunately, parenchyma =
tends to fall appart in individual cells. Only vessels form nice casts.=20
By the way, I would appreciate refrences on unlignified parenchyma.=20
Guillermo Angeles=20
Instituto de Ecolog=EDa, A.C.=20
Depto. de Productos Forestales y Conservaci=F3n de Bosques=20
Km. 2,5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351=20
Congregaci=F3n "El Haya"=20
91070 Xalapa, Veracruz=20
M=E9xico.=20
=20
=20
MelTyree@aol.com ha escrito:=20
But I don't think intercellular spaces could contribute much to =
radial transport of liquid water in trees. The intercellular spaces =
would have to be very well isolated from outside air otherwise they =
would embolize very easily. My guess (and this is only a guess) is that =
intercellular spaces would be water filled only from xylem pressure =
potentials of 0.0 to -0.15MPa.=20
The accepted interpretation (without lots of proof) is that =
intercellular spaces are a location of stored water and such stored =
water is mostly gone by -0.2 MPa. But while the spaces are filled with =
water they could contribute to radial transport. See Xylem Structure and =
the Ascent of Sap (Second edition) by Tyree & Zimmermann, which is now =
in print from Springer!=20
If you have any photos of intercellular spaces I would be very =
interested in having copies. I think we need more research on this =
topic.=20
The story about ray cells NOT being lignified is interesting to me. =
Does anyone have any citations for that?=20
Thanks,=20
Mel=20
Melvin T. Tyree=20
Project Leader NE4103=20
USDA Forest Service=20
Aiken Forestry Sciences Lab=20
705 Spear St PO Box 968=20
Burlington VT 05402=20
Phone 802 951 6771 x 1310=20
FAX 802 951 6368
--=20
Guillermo Angeles.=20
Instituto de Ecolog=EDa, A.C.=20
Depto. de Productos Forestales y Conservaci=F3n de Bosques=20
Km. 2,5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351=20
Congregaci=F3n "El Haya"=20
91070 Xalapa, Veracruz=20
M=E9xico=20
Tel. (228) 842 18 35=20
Fax (228) 818 7809=20
=20
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<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Hi forum members!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Adding some coments to lignified X non lignified =
parenchyma=20
cells.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>We=B4ve been working on non lignified parenchyma on =
Cactaceae,=20
and we observed the same situation described by Dr. Guillermo: =
zones of non=20
lignified parenchyma cells within lignified axial elements. They can be=20
distributed in two ways: scanty and in bands.Probably =
these bands can=20
show some seasonality. Also, cacti species have very wide rays. The =
strategy=20
here is the vessels running adjacent to the rays, instead of being=20
horizontally orientated. This vessels have very wide simple to =
half=20
bordered and bordered pits. All this structure and arrangement of=20
cells might represent a very efficient storing and conductive =
system.=20
Unfortunately we don=B4t work on the physiology of that. The =
presence of non=20
lignified parenchyma cells has been already mentioned by =
Metcalfe &=20
Chalk (1950), for Crassulaceae species, suculents. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2> Patricia (<A=20
href=3D"mailto:soffiatt@usp.br">soffiatt@usp.br</A>) & Veronica =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>I would like to add that in some Legume lianas from =
the Amazon=20
(<EM>Machaerium</EM> spp, <EM>Dioclea</EM> spp, =
<EM>Clitoria</EM> spp=20
), in one Sapindaceae species ( <EM>Serjania caracasana</EM>) from the =
Atlantic=20
Forest amd other lianas groups that I=B4ve been studying with other =
students, the=20
unlignified axial and radial parenchyma is also very common, within =
lignified=20
cells. This indicates probably a structural convegence between very =
distinct groups (Cactaceae, Leguminosae liana, Crassulaceae, =
etc).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Veronica</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Dr. Veronica Angyalossy Alfonso</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Departamento de Botanica</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Instituto de Biociencias</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Universidade de Sao Paulo - SP</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Brazil</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>email: <A=20
href=3D"mailto:valfonso@ib.usp.br">valfonso@ib.usp.br</A></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: =
0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Messae ----- </DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A href=3D"mailto:alvarezg@ecologia.edu.mx"=20
title=3Dalvarezg@ecologia.edu.mx>Guillermo Angeles Alvarez</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A =
href=3D"mailto:MelTyree@aol.com"=20
title=3DMelTyree@aol.com>MelTyree@aol.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A =
href=3D"mailto:iawa@COF.ORST.EDU"=20
title=3Diawa@COF.ORST.EDU>iawa@COF.ORST.EDU</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, October 07, 2002 =
1:06=20
PM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [IAWA Forum] Re: =
Radial=20
water transport</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Hi, <BR>Answering Dr. Tyree regarding unlignified=20
rayparenchyma: <BR>I am currently working with Urera caracasana(a =
tree) and U.=20
eggersii (a liana). Both of them present zones of lignified and =
unlignified=20
parenchyma. The liana has very wide rays, with alternating zones of =
lignified=20
and unlignified parenchyma. This species has a way to secure =
tangential water=20
movement across these wide rays, producing vessels which run almost=20
horizontally, comunicating areas of vessels to both sides of the =
rays.=20
However, we do not have evidence of how this liana copes with radial =
water=20
transport through thes exceptionally wide rays. I made resin-casrtings =
of=20
Urera stems, but unfortunately, parenchyma tends to fall appart in =
individual=20
cells. Only vessels form nice casts. <BR>By the way, I would =
appreciate=20
refrences on unlignified parenchyma.=20
<P>Guillermo Angeles <BR>Instituto de Ecolog=EDa, A.C. <BR>Depto. de =
Productos=20
Forestales y Conservaci=F3n de Bosques <BR>Km. 2,5 Carretera =
Antigua a=20
Coatepec No. 351 <BR>Congregaci=F3n “El Haya” <BR>91070 =
Xalapa, Veracruz=20
<BR>M=E9xico. <BR> <BR> =20
<P>MelTyree@aol.com ha escrito:=20
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=3D"CITE"><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><FONT =
size=3D+0>But I=20
don't think intercellular spaces could contribute much to radial =
transport=20
of liquid water in trees. The intercellular spaces would have to be =
very=20
well isolated from outside air otherwise they would embolize very =
easily. My=20
guess (and this is only a guess) is that intercellular spaces would =
be water=20
filled only from xylem pressure potentials of 0.0 to =
-0.15MPa.</FONT></FONT>=20
<BR><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><FONT size=3D+0>The accepted =
interpretation=20
(without lots of proof) is that intercellular spaces are a location =
of=20
stored water and such stored water is mostly gone by -0.2 MPa. But =
while the=20
spaces are filled with water they could contribute to radial =
transport. See=20
Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap (Second edition) by Tyree =
&=20
Zimmermann, which is now in print from Springer!</FONT></FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><FONT size=3D+0>If you have any photos of =
intercellular=20
spaces I would be very interested in having copies. I think we need =
more=20
research on this topic.</FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><FONT=20
size=3D+0>The story about ray cells NOT being lignified is =
interesting to me.=20
Does anyone have any citations for that?</FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><FONT size=3D+0>Thanks,</FONT></FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><FONT size=3D+0>Mel</FONT></FONT>=20
<P><FONT face=3DArial><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D-1>Melvin =
T.=20
Tyree</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#000000><FONT=20
size=3D-1>Project Leader NE4103</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT=20
face=3DArial><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D-1>USDA Forest=20
Service</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#000000><FONT=20
size=3D-1>Aiken Forestry Sciences Lab</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT =
face=3DArial><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D-1>705 Spear =
St PO Box=20
968</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#000000><FONT=20
size=3D-1>Burlington VT 05402</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT =
face=3DArial><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D-1>Phone 802 951 6771 x =
1310</FONT></FONT></FONT>=20
<BR><FONT face=3DArial><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D-1>FAX 802 =
951=20
6368</FONT></FONT></FONT></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>-- <BR>Guillermo Angeles. <BR>Instituto de Ecolog=EDa, A.C. =
<BR>Depto. de=20
Productos Forestales y Conservaci=F3n de Bosques <BR>Km. 2,5 Carretera =
Antigua a Coatepec No. 351 <BR>Congregaci=F3n "El Haya" =
<BR>91070 Xalapa,=20
Veracruz <BR>M=E9xico=20
<P>Tel. (228) 842 18 35 <BR>Fax (228) 818 7809 <BR> =20
</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>
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