Scientific Articles

Halofsky, Joshua, and Ripple, William. Linkages between wolf presence and aspen recruitment in the Gallatin elk winter range of southwestern Montana, USA. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 81(2), April 2008: 195-207.

Ripple, W.J., and Bescheta, R.L. Trophic cascades involving cougar, mule deer, and black oaks in Yosemite National Park Biological Conservation 141(5), May 2008: 1249-1256.

Halofsky, Joshua S., and Ripple, William J. Fine-scale predation risk on elk after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Oecologia/Springer-Verlag 2008.

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Restoring Yellowstone's aspen with wolves. Biological Conservation 138, June 2007: 514-519.

Halofsky, Joshua S. Evidence of a Trophic Cascade among Wolves, Elk, and Aspen in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Dissertation April 19, 2007.

Hollenbeck, Jeff P. and Ripple, William J. Aspen patch and migratory bird relationships in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem. Landscape Ecology 2007.

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Hardwood tree decline following large carnivore loss on the Great Plains, USA. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 5(5), 2007: 241-246.

Beschta, Robert L., and Ripple, William J. Increased Willow Heights along northern Yellowstone's Blacktail Deer Creek following wolf reintroduction. Western North American Naturalist 67(4), 2007: 613-617.

Beschta, R.L. and Ripple, William J. Wolves, elk, and aspen in the winter range of Jasper National Park, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, 2007: 1873-1885.

Hollenbeck, Jeff P., and Ripple, William J. Aspen snag dynamics, cavity-nesting birds, and trophic cascades in Yellowstone's northern range. Forestry Ecology and Management 255, 2007: 1095-1103.

Beschta, R.L. and Ripple, W.J. River channel dynamics following extirpation of wolves in northwestern Yellowstone National Park,USA. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31, 2006: 1525-1539.

Hollenbeck, Jeff P. Multi-scale Relationships Between Aspen and Birds in the Northern Yellowstone Ecosystem. Dissertation 2006.

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Linking a cougar decline, trophic cascade, and catastrophic regime shift in Zion National Park. Biological Conservation 133, 2006: 397-408.

Larsen, T. and Ripple, W.J. Modeling Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Habitat in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. Journal of Conservation Planning 2, 2006: 17-33.

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Linking wolves to willows via risk-sensitive foraging by ungulates in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management 230, 2006: 96-106.

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Linking Wolves and Plants: Aldo Leopold on Trophic Cascades. BioScience Vol. 55 No. 7, July 2005: 613-621.
Abstract

Beschta, R.L. and W.J. Ripple. Rapid Assessment of Riparian Cottonwood Recruitment: Middle Fork John Day River, Northeastern Oregon. Ecological Restoration 23(3), 2005: 150-156.

Beschta, R.L. Reduced Cottonwood Recruitment Following Extirpation of Wolves in Yellowstone's Northern Range. Ecology 86(2), 2005: 391-403.

Larsen, E.J. and Ripple, W.J. Aspen Stand Conditions on Elk Winter Ranges in the Northern Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Natural Areas Journal 25(4), 2005: 326-338.

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Willow thickets protect young aspen from elk browsing after wolf reintroduction. Western North American Naturalist 65(1), 2005: 118-122.

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Refugia from browsing as reference sites for restoration planning. Western North American Naturalist 65(2), 2005: 269-273.

Ripple, William J. and Beschta, Robert L. Wolves and the Ecology of Fear: Can Predation Risk Structure Ecosystems? BioScience Vo.l 54 No. 8, August 2004: 755-766.
Abstract

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Wolves, elk, willows, and trophic cascades in the upper Gallatin Range of Southwestern Montana, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 200, 2004: 161-181.

Laliberte, Andrea S. and Ripple, William J. Range Contractions of North American Carnivores and Ungulates. BioScience 54(2), 2004: 123-138.
Abstract

Beschta, R.L. Cottonwoods, elk, and wolves in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park. Ecological Applications 13(5), 2003: 1295-1309.

Larsen, E.J. and W.J. Ripple. Aspen age structure in the northern Yellowstone Ecosystem:USA. Forest Ecology and Management 179, 2003: 469-482.

Rundio, David E. and Olson, Deanna H. Antipredator Defenses of Larval Pacific Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon Tenebrosus) against Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki). Copeia 2003(2), 2003: 392-397.

Laliberte, A.S. and Ripple, William J. Wildlife Encounters by Lewis and Clark: A Spatial Analysis of Interactions between Native Americans and Wildlife. BioScience 53(10), 2003: 994-1003.
Abstract

Ripple, W.J. and Beschta, R.L. Wolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park. Forest Ecology and Management 184, 2003: 299-313.

Rundio, David E. Coexistence of Top Predators in Headwater Streams: Pathways of Intraguild Predation between Pacific Giant Salamander Larvae and Cutthroat Trout. July 8, 2002.
Abstract

Ecological Dynamics on Yellowstone's Northern Range. The National Acadamy of Science 2002.

Rundio, David E. and Olson, Deanna H. Palatability of Southern Torrent Salamander (Rhyacotriton Variegatus) Larvae to Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Tenebrosus) Larvae. Journal of Herpetology 35(1), 2001: 133-136.

Ripple, W.J. and Larsen, E.J. The Role of Postfire Coarse Woody Debris in Aspen Regeneration. Western North American Naturalist 16(2), 2001: 61-64.

Ripple, W. J., E. J. Larsen, R. A. Renkin, D. W. Smith. Trophic Cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park's northern range. Biological Conservation 102, 2001: 227-234.

Ripple, W.J. and Larsen, E.J. Historic aspen recruitment, elk, and wolves in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA. Biological Conservation 95, 2000: 361-370.

Larsen, E.J. and W.J. Ripple. Remote Sensing of Aspen Change in Northern Yellowstone National Park. Unpublished manuscript 1997.