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Aspen field data collected on the North Fork of the John Day (NFJD) Ranger District of the Umatilla National Forest, Oregon. Notice the lack of aspen recruitment. - View photo

Aspen stand on the NFJD ranger district showing successful aspen regeneration. The coarse woody debris may funtion as a browsing barrier and assist in aspen regeneration. - View photo

Buck and Pole fence used to exclude cattle and wild ungulates from aspen on the NFJD Ranger District. - View photo

The above slides are the property of William J. Ripple, Dept. of Forest Resources, OSU

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